考研英語(yǔ)中長(zhǎng)難句的形成主要通過以下四種方式:復(fù)合從句、成分省略、使用插入語(yǔ)和改變語(yǔ)序。長(zhǎng)難句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，迷惑性強(qiáng)。本文對(duì)經(jīng)典長(zhǎng)難句進(jìn)行解析，將長(zhǎng)難句拆分為簡(jiǎn)單句進(jìn)而逐個(gè)攻破。

　　一、長(zhǎng)難句訓(xùn)練

　　1、This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

　　2、Of course, some regulation is inevitable and undoubtedly necessary, but a free and democratic society functions best when it leaves the resolution of its ethical quandaries to the reasoned judgment of its citizens rather than the regulatory authority of the government.

　　3、Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.

　　4、Additional social stress may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements--themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.

　　5、While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.

　　二、長(zhǎng)難句訓(xùn)練題解析

　　1、during the Second World War介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ);when several governments came to the conclusion … foreseen in detail做定語(yǔ)修飾the Second World War; that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail定語(yǔ)從句修飾conclusion; that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment定語(yǔ)從句修飾demands.

　　參考譯文：

　　這種趨勢(shì)始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，當(dāng)時(shí)一些國(guó)家的政府得出結(jié)論：政府向科研機(jī)構(gòu)提出的具體要求通常是無(wú)法詳盡預(yù)見的。

　　2、Of course介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ);

　　從屬連詞when 引導(dǎo)的從句it leaves the resolution of its ethical quandaries to the reasoned judgment of its citizens rather than the regulatory authority of the government為狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞function。

　　參考譯文：

　　當(dāng)然，某些規(guī)定是不可避免并且是必需的，但是只有當(dāng)社會(huì)讓民眾通過自己的理智判斷而非政府管制去解決道德難題時(shí)，一個(gè)自由民主的社會(huì)才能最大限地發(fā)揮其功能。

　　3、句子的主干是Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism。which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾linguistic determinism。定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是states，兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，并列作為states的賓語(yǔ)。

　　參考譯文：

　　沃爾夫進(jìn)而相信類似某種語(yǔ)言決定論的觀點(diǎn)，其極端說法是：語(yǔ)言禁錮思維，語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)能對(duì)一個(gè)社會(huì)的文化產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。

　　4、句子主干是Additional social stress may also occur。because of 的后邊接兩個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)the population explosion和problems arising from mass migration movements--themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport來(lái)表示原因。其中，第二個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)又含有一個(gè)短語(yǔ)themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport來(lái)補(bǔ)充說明mass migration movements。因此，這里的代詞themselves指代名詞短語(yǔ)mass migration movements。“made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport”為過去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾themselves。

　　參考譯文：

　　由于人口的猛增或大量的人口流動(dòng)(現(xiàn)代交通工具使這種流通變得相對(duì)容易)造成的種種問題也回對(duì)社會(huì)造成新的壓力。

　　5、while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，其意思是“雖然”。不定代詞one 指代名詞短語(yǔ)definition of history。that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾one。

　　參考譯文：

　　幾乎每個(gè)歷史學(xué)家對(duì)史學(xué)都有自己的界定，但現(xiàn)代史學(xué)家的實(shí)踐最趨向于認(rèn)為歷史學(xué)是試圖重現(xiàn)過去的重大史實(shí)并對(duì)其做出解釋。